Biologic materials have become crucial components of spine surgery, working alongside mechanical devices to support healing and fusion. While screws, cages, and rods provide stability, biologics facilitate the body's natural processes, making fusion more reliable and durable.

Bone grafts remain foundational. Autografts, harvested from the patient, offer unmatched osteogenic potential. However, limitations such as pain and availability have increased interest in alternatives. Allografts, demineralized bone matrix, and synthetic bone substitutes provide scaffolds that support new bone growth.

Biologic enhancers such as growth factors and cell-based therapies further accelerate healing. These substances stimulate bone-forming cells or encourage vascularization, ensuring that fusion progresses efficiently.

Interbody cages often include integrated biologic chambers. When filled with graft material, these cages restore disc height and create an ideal environment for fusion. Porous cage surfaces enhance biological integration.

As biologics and mechanical devices continue to merge, the future of spine surgery leans toward hybrid solutions that combine structural support with biological activity.